In the early 1900s on South Carolina's Wateree River, hunters often used small boats to access game along the river corridors. The boats were already loaded with men, guns and provisions, so the typical large retriever was just too big to fit. The Boykin spaniel was developed during this time as the ideal dog for hunting wild turkey and waterfowl. He was perfect for travel in the one-man boats because of his compact size.
The first Boykin spaniel was reportedly a small stray spaniel-type dog befriended by a man in Spartanburg, South Carolina. After the dog began to show aptitude for hunting, the man sent his dog, named Dumpy, to his hunting partner Whit Boykin. Under his guidance, Dumpy became a superb turkey dog and waterfowl retriever. The Boykin spaniel became so well known as an excellent hunting companion that South Carolina made him their official state dog. Ultimately, Dumpy became the foundation stock for the breed. Other ancestors of the breed are the Chesapeake Bay retriever, cocker spaniel, and the American water spaniel.